Château Gaillard / Les Andelys (Eure)
This castle overlooking the river Seine was built at the end of the 12th century by the English king Richard I the Lionheart who was also duke of Normandy. While technically and architecturally advanced for its time, the castle was far from impregnable, as was proven already in 1204 when the French king Philip Augustus captured it after a long siege. In effect, Château Gaillard would be seized many times over in the Hundred Years War. It gradually fell into ruins and was demolished at the end of the 16th century.